Stupor and Coma
Stupor and Coma Jan Claassen Stephan A. Mayer John C. M. Brust INTRODUCTION “Normal human consciousness consists of a serially, time-ordered, organized, restricted, and reflective awareness of self and the…
Acute Spinal Cord Syndromes
Acute Spinal Cord Syndromes Natalie R. Weathered Noam Y. Harel INTRODUCTION Patients presenting with acute spinal cord syndromes represent true neurologic emergencies. Pathologic damage to the cord is usually incomplete….
Acute Stroke: The First Hour
Acute Stroke: The First Hour Barry M. Czeisler Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Sudden focal neurologic deficits can result from a variety of causes, the most frequent and concerning of which…
Gait Disorders
Gait Disorders Ashwini K. Rao INTRODUCTION The evolution of locomotion has been very important for humans, as it enabled us to travel greater distances and interact with novel and complex…
Muscle Weakness, Cramps, and Stiffness
Muscle Weakness, Cramps, and Stiffness Comana M. Cioroiu Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Weakness is one of the most common complaints in all of neurology; hence, both the scope of the…
Involuntary Movements
Involuntary Movements Elan D. Louis INTRODUCTION Abnormal involuntary movements, often called dyskinesias, are uncontrollable movements that are usually evident when a patient is at rest and, with rare exceptions (e.g.,…
Dementia and Memory Loss
Dementia and Memory Loss Lawrence S. Honig INTRODUCTION Dementia is characterized by intellectual deterioration, with concomitant decline in independence and daily social or occupational functions. With different dementia disorders, various…
Visual Disturbances
Visual Disturbances Jeffrey G. Odel Julia Mallory INTRODUCTION No symptom may be as disturbing or dramatic to a patient as acute visual loss. Although acute ocular diseases such as glaucoma,…
Pain, Numbness, and Paresthesias
Pain, Numbness, and Paresthesias Comana M. Cioroiu INTRODUCTION For the general neurologist, the evaluation of a patient with complaints of numbness can be a daunting one. Being the most subjective…
