Electromyography, Nerve Conduction Studies, and Magnetic Stimulation Louis H. Weimer Clifton L. Gooch Thomas H. Brannagan III Seth L. Pullman INTRODUCTION Advances in electronics enabled clinical assessment of peripheral nerve…
Autonomic Testing Louis H. Weimer INTRODUCTION Recognition of disorders producing autonomic dysfunction continues to increase the demand for noninvasive clinical testing in order to validate clinical diagnoses. Because autonomic systems…
Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials Nicolas Gaspard Emily J. Gilmore ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials (EPs) measure the electrical activity generated by neural structures. They allow for the functional…
Angiography and Endovascular Neuroradiology Charles A. Bruno Jr Daniel H. Sahlein INTRODUCTION Interventional neuroradiology (INR) or endovascular surgical neuroradiology (ESNR) encompasses all invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for diseases, often…
Neurovascular Ultrasound Tatjana Rundek INTRODUCTION Neurovascular ultrasound includes two major ultrasound imaging technologies: extracranial ultrasound (duplex ultrasound or Color Doppler) and transcranial ultrasound (transcranial Doppler). Together, these techniques provide a…
Positron Emission Tomography and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography William Charles Kreisl INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging is used in the clinical practice of nuclear medicine and in medical research to better understand…
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vesselin Zdravkov Miloushev Angela Lignelli INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique. The images created by MRI often appear similar to gross-anatomic specimens….
Computed Tomography Daniel S. Chow Angela Lignelli INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a framework for understanding the basic principles of x-ray (roentgenogram) production and computed tomography (CT) image formation along with…
Focal Mass Lesions Michelle Wilson Bell Alexander G. Khandji Fabio M. Iwamoto INTRODUCTION The differential diagnosis of an undifferentiated focal brain mass lesion is broad and the clinical presentation quite…
Brain Death Eelco F. M. Wijdicks INTRODUCTION Brain death is the preferred term to summarize an apneic patient with not only irreversible coma from a massive brain injury but loss…
