Congenital Hydrocephalus
The terms ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus are often used inconsistently and imprecisely in the literature. In this discussion we use ventriculomegaly as an overarching term to describe excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)…
NEUROLOGY
Neural Tube Development
Abstract The central neuroaxis develops from a streak of ectodermal cells on the dorsal surface of the embryo that specialize into neuroepithelium, starting as a plate of cells that develops…
Emerging Evidence for Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (KLF4) as a Tumor Suppressor in Neuroblastoma
Abstract Currently, 17 transcription factors are known to form the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family. All transcription factors of the KLF family resemble the members of the specificity protein (Sp) family;…
Modulation of Expression of miRNAs for Therapeutic Effects in Human Malignant Neuroblastoma
Abstract The small non-coding RNAs are called microRNAs or miRNAs that play key roles in mRNA silencing as well as in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The…
Molecular Imaging in Neuroblastoma
Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in infancy and the most common extracranial solid tumor in the pediatric age group. There is only approximately 30%–40% long-term survival rates among…
Novel Therapeutic Targets in Neuroblastoma
Abstract This chapter introduces the molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies currently in use to treat neuroblastoma, which is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. It presents a clinical…
Targeting Angiogenesis in Neuroblastoma
Abstract Antiangiogenic strategies are currently in use for the treatment of cancer, and the inhibition of angiogenesis could represent a powerful adjunct to traditional therapy of malignant tumors. Over the…
Advances in the Surgical Treatment of Neuroblastoma
Abstract The management of neuroblastoma requires a multidisciplinary approach led by the pediatric surgeon. Surgical biopsy and resection are essential to characterize the tumor, stratify patient risk, and guide the…
Current and Future Strategies for Treatment of Relapsed Neuroblastoma
Abstract More than 50% of patients with high-risk neuroblastoma will relapse despite intensive multi-modal therapy. Management of these patients is challenging, given disease heterogeneity, resistance, and organ toxicity. Recent advances…
Autophagy and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Neuroblastoma
Abstract In the cell, autophagy is the major regulatory catabolic mechanism responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. It is active at a basal level in all cell types, and…
