Fig. 21.1 Axonal degeneration, regeneration, and sprouting after spinal cord injury. (a) Injured non-regenerating axons display dystrophic retraction bulbs and Wallerian degeneration of the distal axon segment. Axon regeneration can…
Fig. 11.1 Somatotopic organization of the spinal cord. Within white matter: green illustrates sensory and red motor fiber tracts. Within gray matter: red depicts anterior horn alpha-motoneurons. Somatotopy-specific clinical and…
Fig. 5.1 Vascularization of the spinal cord: The main blood supply for the lower thoracic and lumbar spinal cord is derived from the Adamkiewicz artery feeding into the anterior spinal…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_26 26. Clinical Trials and Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Therapeutic Interventions Freda M. Warner1, 2, 3, Jacquelyn J. Cragg2, 3, John D. Steeves2,…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_25 25. Translation: Relevance of Spinal Cord Injury Animal Models Seth Tigchelaar1 and Brian K. Kwon2 (1) International Collaboration on Repair…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_20 20. The Current Status of Neuroprotection for Spinal Cord Injury Andrea J. Santamaria1 and James D. Guest2 (1) The Miami Project…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Norbert Weidner, Rüdiger Rupp and Keith E. Tansey (eds.)Neurological Aspects of Spinal Cord Injury10.1007/978-3-319-46293-6_19 19. Pathophysiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Sebastien Couillard-Despres1 , Lara Bieler1 and Michael Vogl1 (1) Paracelsus Medical University, Institute of…
Stage Description Stage 1 Non–blanchable erythema of intact skin Intact skin with a localized area of non-blanchable erythema, which may appear differently in darkly pigmented skin. Presence of blanchable erythema…
Patient-reported symptom assessments Penn Spasm Frequency Scale Spinal cord injury spasticity evaluation tool (SCI-SET) Patient-reported impact of spasticity measure (PRISM) Clinical assessments of tone Ashworth and modified Ashworth Resistance to…
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Nociceptive pain Musculoskeletal pain For example Articular trouble/joint pain Fracture-associated pain Spasm-related muscle pain Back pain/lumbago Pain related to heterotopic ossification Visceral pain For…
