Concussion
Concussion James M. Noble John F. Crary INTRODUCTION Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that has been recognized for centuries as an entity in accidents, battle, and sport. The…
NEUROLOGY
Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention
Primary and Secondary Stroke Prevention Charles C. Esenwa Mitchell S. V. Elkind INTRODUCTION Prevention of stroke can be divided into three types: (1) primordial prevention, which focuses on improving community-wide…
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes Sara K. Rostanski Fawaz Al-Mufti Claire S. Riley Joshua Z. Willey POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has…
Neuropsychological Evaluation
Neuropsychological Evaluation Yaakov Stern INTRODUCTION Before the availability of high-resolution imaging, neuropsychological evaluation played a role in lesion localization. Currently, neuropsychological testing remains a valuable adjunct to neurologic evaluation, assisting…
Vascular Malformations
Vascular Malformations J. P. Mohr John Pile-Spellman INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with a heterogeneous group of central nervous system (CNS) vascular lesions, including true vascular malformations such as arteriovenous malformations…
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stephan A. Mayer Gary L. Bernardini Robert A. Solomon INTRODUCTION Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5% of all strokes; it affects nearly 30,000 people each year in the…
Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis
Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis Natalie Organek Jennifer A. Frontera INTRODUCTION Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is thrombosis of the venous channels that drain blood from the brain (Fig. 40.1). Often,…
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stephan A. Mayer Fred Rincon J. P. Mohr INTRODUCTION Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is defined as the acute spontaneous bleeding into the brain parenchyma (Fig. 38.1). Primary ICH results…
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Alexandra S. Reynolds Sachin Agarwal INTRODUCTION Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a term used to describe cerebral dysfunction after a global insult to the brain. Mechanisms of such damage…
Acute Ischemic Stroke
Acute Ischemic Stroke Charles C. Esenwa Barry M. Czeisler Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is defined as an episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion leading…
