Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors
Chapter 26 Treatment of Spinal Metastatic Tumors Ilya Laufer, Marcella A. Madera, Daniel Sciubba, Ziya L. Gokaslan Clinical Pearls • Histology plays paramount role in determination of tumor treatment. After…
Causes of Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children: Pediatric Moyamoya Syndrome
Chapter 11 Causes of Nontraumatic Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children Pediatric Moyamoya Syndrome Edward R. Smith, R. Michael Scott Clinical Pearls • Ischemic stroke is relatively rare in children (approximately 2…
Encephaloceles, Meningoceles, and Dermal Sinuses
History The earliest recorded documentation of encephaloceles can be found in ancient sculptures and medieval art. These abnormalities were commonly depicted in individuals portrayed as demons and monsters. The earliest…
Specific Injury Patterns and Treatment of Pediatric Spinal Column Trauma
Specific Injury Types 61.1.1 Craniovertebral Junction Injuries Atlanto-occipital Dislocation Injury Description Atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) involves traumatic separation of the occiput from C1 and is an injury primarily of the pediatric population,…
Surgical Management of Complex Spinal Cord Lipomas
Surgical Management of Complex Spinal Cord Lipomas Dachling Pang The partial resection of complex spinal cord lipomas is associated with a high rate of symptomatic recurrence due to retethering.1 Since…
Cranioplasty
Cranioplasty James Tait Goodrich The use of cranioplasties in the pediatric population has undergone a number of significant changes during the last 25 years. A newer appreciation has developed of…
Spine Tumors
Spine Tumors David H. Harter and Howard L. Weiner The classification of spinal tumors is based on their anatomical origin and extension, specifically with relation to the spinal cord (intra-…
Occult Spinal Dysraphism
Occult Spinal Dysraphism D. D. Cochrane The term occult spinal dysraphism1 (OSD) refers to a group of disorders arising as a result of the malformation of midline dorsal neural, mesenchymal,…
Congenital Vertebral Anomalies
Congenital Vertebral Anomalies Douglas Brockmeyer Congenital vertebral anomalies are relatively common disorders, ranging from simple, asymptomatic “block” vertebrae to complex combinations of anomalies involving multiple vertebral levels. They can occur…
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation
Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation Alejandro Berenstein and Yasunari Niimi Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare vascular malformation involving the embryonic precursor of the vein of Galen….
