Fig. 1.1 Breastfeeding and general intelligence: mediation and moderation From this pattern of “transactions”, we conclude that exposure (breastfeeding) affects the outcome (general intelligence) by influencing mediator 1 (brain growth inferred…
Fig. 3.1 An individual and his/her internal, social and physical environments Because the cells of various tissues are exposed to hundreds of small molecules (metabolites), hormones and enzymes circulating through the…
Fig. 5.1 Agouti mice. From Morgan et al. (1999) Such trans-generational epigenetic transmission is likely to vary with the number of subsequent generations. For example, certain epigenetic modifications of histones in…
Fig. 6.1 Genome, Transcriptome, Proteome, Metabolome and Lipidome (from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidomics). Transcriptome refers to the collection of all genes expressed in a given tissue at a given time. Similarly, a proteome is…
Fig. 2.1 (a) Number of citations per year indexed by Medline from 1966 to 2005 under subject headings related to important non-infectious, neuropsychiatric, infectious and sexually transmitted diseases. (b) Number of…
The levels of the MRC scale are precisely defined, but not linear. It is a common error to believe the MRC grades are evenly spaced and that grade 5 is…
FIGURE 13.1 The layers of the retina and their relationship to the optic nerve. The inner limiting membrane is the most superficial structure; light must pass through the other layers…
FIGURE 14.1 The extraocular muscles and the third nerve in the orbit. FIGURE 14.2 Actions of the extraocular muscles on the left eye. Arrows denote the main directions of action…
FIGURE 49.1 Vascular territories. Gold, anterior cerebral artery (ACA); pink, middle cerebral artery (MCA); blue, posterior cerebral artery (PCA). (From http://rad.usuhs.edu/rad/stroke/index.html, accessed July 31, 2011, with permission). Carotid Artery Each…
