HIV and AIDS
HIV and AIDS Kiran Thakur Ned Sacktor Carolyn Barley Britton Barbara S. Koppel INTRODUCTION Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most devastating pandemic of the 20th and early 21st centuries….
Viral Infections
Viral Infections Shibani S. Mukerji Jennifer L. Lyons “The single biggest threat to man’s continued dominance on the planet is a virus.” — Joshua Lederberg, Nobel Prize winner INTRODUCTION Viral…
Parasitic Infections
Parasitic Infections Gustavo C. Román INTRODUCTION Parasitic infections are a tremendous public health burden in tropical and subtropical regions. Parasitic tropical diseases of the nervous system can be found anywhere…
Chronic Meningitis
Chronic Meningitis Joseph R. Zunt Kelly J. Baldwin INTRODUCTION Chronic meningitis is commonly defined as inflammation of the meninges, most often accompanied by a pleocytosis of greater than 5 white…
Other Bacterial Central Nervous System Infections and Toxins
Other Bacterial Central Nervous System Infections and Toxins Barnett R. Nathan Burk Jubelt INTRODUCTION Acute bacterial meningitis (see Chapter 61) occurs when bacteria invade and infect the leptomeninges, causing an…
Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections
Brain Abscess and Parameningeal Infections Gary L. Bernardini BRAIN ABSCESS A brain abscess is a focal purulent infection within the brain parenchyma. A brain abscess starts as a localized area…
Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Infective Endocarditis
Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Infective Endocarditis Burk Jubelt Barnett R. Nathan INTRODUCTION The parenchyma, coverings, and blood vessels of the nervous system may be invaded by virtually any pathogenic microorganism….
Transient Global Amnesia
Transient Global Amnesia John C. M. Brust INTRODUCTION Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by sudden inability to form new memory traces (anterograde amnesia) in addition to retrograde memory loss…
Ménière Syndrome, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, and Vestibular Neuritis
Ménière Syndrome, Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, and Vestibular Neuritis Ian S. Storper INTRODUCTION Three of the most common causes of peripheral vertigo are Ménière syndrome, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and…
