Calcification of the Ligamentum Flavum of the Cervical Spine Sueo Nakama Yuichi Hoshino The ligamentum flavum (LF), composed predominantly of yellow elastic fibers, exists in the posterior part of the…
The Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Destructive Spondyloarthropathy (DSA) Norimitsu Wakao Makoto Yanase Naoki Ishiguro Yukihiro Matsuyama Shiro Imagama Zenya Ito Recent advances in hemodialysis have prolonged the life…
DISH and Related Disorders Theodore A. Belanger Dale E. Rowe BACKGROUND Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier’s disease, is a bone-forming diathesis characterized by stiffness, osteophytosis, and…
Ankylosing Spondylitis Cheerag D. Upadhyaya Rick C. Sasso Praveen V. Mummaneni Ankylosing spondylitis is a seronegative, systemic, inflammatory rheumatic spondyloarthropathy mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Ankylosing spondylitis is…
Subaxial Cervical Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Takenori Oda Kazuo Yonenobu PATHOGENESIS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes of the joints, ligaments, and bones in the…
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Upper Cervical Spine Dieter Grob Takachika Shimizu In spite of many years of research and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there remains a relative inability to accurately predict…
Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Cervical Spine Danny F. Searcy Charles W. Cha Scott D. Boden Charles R. Clark Rheumatoid arthritis in the cervical spine results in anatomic abnormalities as a…
Stereotaxic Radiosurgery for Spine Tumors Mark H. Bilsky Lilyana Angelov Metastatic tumors are the most common spine tumors. They are estimated to be 20 times more common than primary spine…
Cervical Spinal Infections Choll W. Kim Bradford L. Currier John G. Heller Frank J. Eismont Advances in infectious disease management, radiologic imaging, and surgery during recent decades have dramatically improved…
Primary Malignant Tumors of the Cervical Spine Stefano Boriani Stefano Bandiera Luca Boriani James N. Weinstein A low rate of occurrence, nonspecific symptoms, and sometimes slow evolution (1,2) frequently result…
