Pain Management Nikolai Bogduk INTRODUCTION Traumatic and neoplastic disorders of the cervical spine attract surgical treatment. Infections are treated with antibiotics with or without surgical drainage, excision, and reconstruction. The…
Intraoperative Assessment of Neurologic Function Sharad Rajpal Michael P. Steinmetz Advances in complex spinal fixation techniques have broadened the spectrum of disorders amenable to surgical correction while simultaneously heightening the…
Myelopathy: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Samir Lapsiwala Gregory Trost The word myelopathy comes from two Greek words: myelos meaning “spinal cord” and pathos meaning “disorder of.” A number of disease…
Diagnosis of Cervical Spine Disorders: The Electrodiagnostic Examination Eric A.K. Mayer Jinny Tavee When attempting to assess the contribution of a cervical spine lesion to a particular pattern of sensory…
Cervical Radiculopathy: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis Michael P. Steinmetz Edward C. Benzel Thomas E. Mroz The earliest descriptions of spinal nerve root compression can be traced to early Egyptian medical…
Neurologic Examination: Grading Scales Charles H. Tator The clinical neurologic examination and imaging of the spine and spinal cord are the most important components of the assessment of patients with…
Anatomic Localization Gordon K.T. Chu Michael G. Fehlings Injuries to the cervical spine can cause variable symptoms; the resultant injury encompasses a full spectrum of signs and symptoms from the…
Neurologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine Margarita Almeida El-Ramey Maurice R. Hanson Nestor Galvez-Jimenez SYMPTOMS OF CERVICAL DYSFUNCTION The principal symptom that provokes a patient to seek medical attention is…
Differential Diagnosis of the Cervical Spine: Spinal Masqueraders Ricky James Placide A multitude of pathologic conditions can affect the structure and function of the cervical spine, contributing to a variety…
Neurologic and Functional Evaluation Seth M. Zeidman Edward C. Benzel Virgilio Matheus Appropriate neurologic assessment is critical for the evaluation and treatment of cervical disk herniation and degenerative diseases of…
