Fig. 1 Ocular dominance plasticity in the cat requires protein synthesis during sleep. a In developing cats with normal vision, most neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are binocular (i.e.,…
Fig. 1 Key components of the ascending arousal system. Cholinergic (ACh) inputs from the pedunculopontine (PPT) and laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei to the relay and reticular nuclei of the thalamus (yellow…
Fig. 1 Schematic of a mouse implanted with optical fibers connected with blue and yellow lasers for combinatorial optogenetic interrogations (Carter et al. 2012) Optogenetics provided the ideal tools to interrogate…
Fig. 1 Genetic approaches used in sleep homeostasis research. For each of these approaches, different techniques can be employed in different animal species to bring information about the involvement of genes…
Fig. 1 Starling sleep. A 40-s trace of EEG and EOG recordings from a sleeping starling is shown. The first ~10 s of the EEG signal shows low-frequency, high-amplitude waves characteristic of…
Fig. 1 a Detailed 3 s electroencephalographic records with specific features visible during certain sleep stages in humans with (from top to bottom), Beta-activity during active waking, alpha activity during waking with…
Kasper S, Sack DA, Wehr TA, Kick H, Voll G, Vieira A (1988) Nocturnal TSH and prolactin secretion during sleep deprivation and prediction of antidepressant response in patients with major…
Fig. 1 REM sleep parameters plotted as 20 h totals for baseline (Base), two shock training days (ST1, ST2), and context (Con) in a study comparing the effects of controllable (modeled by…
Fig. 1 Overview of potential mechanism through which chronically restricted and disrupted sleep may contribute to the development and maintenance of depression. Green arrow indicates a mild positive effect of restricted…
Fig. 1 Three distinct stages of memory as illustrated by two commonly used learning paradigms. Panel a shows the three different stages of memory for contextual fear conditioning . Rodents are…
