and Plasticity in Schizophrenia
Two or more of the following present for at least one month (less if treated) Positive symptoms (at least one) • Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized speaking and thinking •…
Memory Consolidation in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Diekelmann S, Wilhelm I, Born J (2009) The whats and whens of sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Sleep Med Rev 13:309–321PubMed Dijk DJ, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA (2000) Contribution of circadian physiology…
Deprivation and Gene Expression
Fig. 1 Effects of sleep deprivation on plasticity-related gene expression. Symbols indicate different sleep deprivation methods, brain areas, targets of detection assays, and animal models used (respectively, polygons in red, green,…
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Disease OMIM Protein/gene Main clinical symptoms MRI Prognosis [OMIM] Isovaleric aciduria 243500 Isovaleryl CoA dehydrogenase- IVD Acute: feeding refusal or aversion to protein, lethargy evolving to coma (due to dehydration…
Leukodystrophies
Fig. 14.1 Cerebral form of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, c-ALD. MRI axial T2-weighted images (a, b) show marked bilateral symmetrical hyperintensity in the splenium of the corpus callosum and in the adjacent…
Myelin Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis
Fig. 11.1 MS, acute phase. T2-weighted image, (a, c) demonstrate focal hyperintensities in the left pons and in the white matter of the right hemisphere, respectively; note, edema around the…
Neoplastic Disorders
Fig. 25.1 Astrocytomas grade II. Axial MRI images show a lesion hyperintense in T2 sequences without mass effect (a), slightly hypointense in T1 sequences (b) without contrast enhancement (c) located…
Disorders of Autonomic Nervous System
Fig. 36.1 Orthostatic hypotension and survival. This Kaplan-Meyer curve shows that patients with persistent orthostatic hypotension have a significantly shorter survival rate compared to those with no or mild orthostatic…
Epilepsy and Myoclonus
Electro-clinical syndromes arranged by age at onset a Neonatal period Benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE) Early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) Ohtahara syndrome Infancy Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures West…
Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections of the Central Nervous System
Pathogen Overall mortality rate in uncomplicated meningitis Overall mortality rate in complicated meningitis Residual disability essentially encountered in infants N. meningitidis S. pneumoniae H. influenzae L. monocytogenes 6 % 13.5…
