Thoracoscopic spinal surgery is a minimally invasive open endoscopic approach to the anterior thoracolumbar spine for decompression and stabilization. It offers an alternative to open thoracotomy for thoracolumbar burst fractures,…
Facet injuries are common in the cervical spine. Many classification systems over the years have characterized the heterogeneity of these injuries. For unilateral facet fractures with minimal displacement and no…
Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical fracture type among the elderly population. Several treatment options exist for these patients, ranging from immobilization with a semirigid orthosis to surgical arthrodesis….
This article reviews thoracolumbar injury patterns that may be seen in children. Although much of the management of these injuries has been extrapolated from the adult literature, unique surgical and…
Appropriate management of subaxial spine injury in children requires an appreciation for the differences in anatomy, biomechanics, injury patterns, and treatment options compared with adult patients. Increased flexibility, weak neck…
This article addresses the key features, clinical presentation, patterns of injury, indicated workup, and radiographic findings associated with craniocervical injuries in the pediatric population. It discusses nonsurgical and surgical management…
Spinal cord injury is a serious global public health problem that often leaves patients with devastating permanent disabilities. Although advances in supportive care have improved outcome in recent decades, there…
Spinal cord injury remains an incurable disease with an enormous impact functionally, financially, and emotionally on affected individuals and their families. Current treatment modalities are focused on minimizing secondary injury…
Central cord syndrome is a common spinal cord injury. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the anatomy, pathophysiology, prognosis, and management of this disorder….
Although timing for surgical intervention after spinal cord injury remains controversial, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that early surgery may improve neurologic outcomes, particularly with incomplete spinal cord injury, and…
