Pineal Region Tumors
Pineal Region Tumors Jeffrey N. Bruce INTRODUCTION The pineal gland is composed of glandular tissue, glia, endothelial cells, and sympathetic nerve terminals. The numerous cell types that make up the…
Tumors of the Pituitary Gland
Tumors of the Pituitary Gland John Ausiello Pamela U. Freda Jeffrey N. Bruce INTRODUCTION Pituitary tumors are a common medical problem often found incidentally on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)…
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Tracy T. Batchelor INTRODUCTION Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the brain, leptomeninges, eyes, or spinal cord. The…
Tumors of the Meninges
Tumors of the Meninges Thomas J. Kaley INTRODUCTION Diseases of the dura are rather uncommon, except for meningiomas. Not just the most common dural disease, meningiomas are the most common…
Metastatic Tumors
Metastatic Tumors Enid Choi Graeme F. Woodworth Minesh P. Mehta INTRODUCTION It is estimated that 13.7 million people living in the United States today are alive with a diagnosis of…
Metabolic and Mitochondrial Myopathies in Adults
Metabolic and Mitochondrial Myopathies in Adults Michio Hirano Salvatore DiMauro Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Metabolic myopathies comprise a clinically and etiologically diverse group of disorders due to defects in cellular…
Stiff Person Syndrome and Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Hyperexcitability
Stiff Person Syndrome and Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Hyperexcitability Jonathan Perk Christina M. Ulane Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION The terms muscle stiffness and cramps are used for commonly experienced symptoms…
Periodic Paralysis and Other Channelopathies
Periodic Paralysis and Other Channelopathies Comana M. Cioroiu Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Muscle channelopathies comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases of skeletal muscle that include both syndromes of episodic weakness…
Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies
Endocrine and Toxic Myopathies Christina M. Ulane INTRODUCTION Muscle comprises a large proportion of all tissues in the body and the energy required for its function renders it susceptible to…
