Abstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent obsessions with intrusive thoughts leading to severe generalized anxiety and/or compulsions in the form of repetitive tasks to relieve…
Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a safe and reliable treatment adjunct for patients with medically intractable epilepsy. It is both a preventive and an abortive form of therapy, effective…
Abstract Epilepsy is one of the top three most prevalent neurological disorders worldwide, together with headache and cerebrovascular diseases. Epilepsy is defined as a disease of the brain characterized by…
Abstract Postural instability is a major problem in Parkinson’s disease (PD), being poorly responsive to l -dopa treatment. There is now hope that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pedunculopontine…
Abstract Direct intracerebral infusion of neurotrophic factors may represent a neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative movement disorders, most notably Parkinson’s disease (PD). The significant majority of past research…
Abstract The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), also called the pterygopalatine ganglion, is the switching station for the final common pathway for cluster headache, may serve as the final synapse in the…
Abstract Most people experience trivial movements of their facial muscles during daily life. These are often barely recognizable, but they sometimes imply pathological conditions that require appropriate treatments. Hemifacial spasm…
Abstract Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder with an unknown etiology characterized by motor and vocal tics. The onset of tics occurs most commonly in early childhood around…
Abstract Dystonia is etiologically classified as primary versus secondary based on the absence or presence, respectively, of an identifiable underlying cause. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the internal globus pallidus…
Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the motor thalamus has over 30 years of proven efficacy in the treatment of both essential and Parkinsonian tremor. While thalamic stimulation has been…
