Figure 18.1 This OCT scan is poorly focused, as illustrated by the blurred cSLO image to the left. This scan was QC rejected according to the [O] criterion for this…

Interpreting RNFL changes in patients with recurrent ON It can be difficult to detect RNFL changes in the setting of recurrent ON, because the extent of cumulative RNFL atrophy can…

Figure 9.1 Meta-analysis of OCT studies in MS patients who did suffer from MSON. The overall averaged RNFL data (mean ±SD) and number of MSON-eyes investigated are shown for patients…

Figure 3.1 OCT of the anterior chamber. (A) Image of the pupil demarcated by the iris on either side. (B) Angle of the anterior chamber and canal of Schlemm. (C)…

Figure 2.1 Basic principles of time-domain OCT. Interference of reference and reflected light beams from different layers within the tissue occurs as a function of axial transition of the reference…

Figure 14.1 Axon loss in the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis. These images show significant reduction in normal axonal density in the optic nerves of patients with MS using a…

Figure 11.1 RNFL thinning in NMO vs. MS. Three examples of OCT findings from an MS patient’s eye with previous ON (left), a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patient’s eye…

Figure 4.1 This image demonstrates RNFL defects visible on red-free photography in the left eye of a patient with optic neuritis in association with multiple sclerosis. There are visual field…

Figure 10.1 The top-left panel represents an axial MP-RAGE image in which gray–white differentiation is clear. The top-right panel represents an axial FLAIR scan in which MS lesions are obvious….

Figure 7.1 Multifocal stimulus employed in mfVEP recording. Each sector (area 4 × 4 checks) reverses polarity according to a pseudo-random sequence. Temporal sector (T) corresponds to central visual field,…