39Posterior Thoracic and Lumbar Hook-Rod Instrumentation STEPHEN L. ONDRA AND THOMAS J. MORRISON III Hook-and-rod constructs for the treatment of instability of the thoracic and lumbar spine date back to…
34Complete Spondylectomy for the Excision of Spinal Neoplasms NICHOLAS THEODORE AND CURTIS A. DICKMAN Even with the recent philosophical shift toward minimally invasive approaches to the spinal column, there will…
38Lateral Retroperitoneal Approaches to the Lumbar Spine Y. R. RAMPERSAUD Flank Retroperitoneal Approach The flank retroperitoneal approach has been well described in the general and vascular surgery literature since the…
27Surgical Approaches for Tumor Resection and Reconstruction of the Cervical Spine ROBERT M. GALLER AND VOLKER K. H. SONNTAG Anterior Approach (C3–C7) The pathology and location of tumors of the…
35Anterior Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Approaches to the Lumbar Spine and Lumbosacral Junction ROBERT F HEARY AND ANTHONY FREMPONG-BOADU The location of the pathologic lesion and the goal of the surgical…
28Surgical Approaches and Fixation of the Cervicothoracic Junction SCOTT L. SIMON, PAUL J. MARCOTTE, AND M. SEAN GRADY With the exception of Pancoast tumors, the nature and types of tumors…
26Surgical Approaches for Decompression and Fixation of the Craniovertebral Junction STEPHEN I. RYU AND DANIEL H. KIM The craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is the part of the neuraxis from the foramen…
40Pedicle Screw Fixation of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine S. J. duPLESSIS AND R. J. HURLBERT The goals of spinal fixation are to preserve existing neurologic function; to facilitate recovery…
43Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty DARYL R. FOURNEY, DONALD F. SCHOMER, AND ZIYA L. GOKASLAN Developed in France in the late 1980s, minimally invasive vertebroplasty involves the percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate…
21Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors STEPHEN J. HENTSCHEL AND IAN E. McCUTCHEON Ever since the first reported removal of an intradural extramedullary spinal tumor in 1887, resection of these largely benign…
