Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a clinical condition that arises secondary to degenerative changes in the cervical spinal column. 1,2 It is characterized by several clinical symptoms and signs on…
Classification Congenital scoliosis is classically described as a failure of segmentation, formation, or a mixed form. 3 Approximately 80% of anomalies may be classified as either failures of segmentation or…
Cervical deformity surgery typically involves technically demanding and high-risk procedures with specific surgical goals. These procedures can have substantial impact for improving quality of life; however, many techniques used to…
Although there have been a myriad of advances in adult spinal deformity techniques and instrumentation over the past decade, junctional failure at the proximal and distal segments of a long…
The practice of individualized medicine is on the rise in all fields of medicine. When discussing risks and benefits of a particular procedure with patients, surgeons often rely on average…
(1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (2) Neuroscience Institute, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA (3) Department of Orthopaedic, Radboud University Medical…
Fig. 6.1 Toyota Production System Seven Wastes. (©Virginia Mason Medical Center) Table 6.1 Examples of types of waste identified in lean methodology Type of waste Description Examples in anesthesia and…
Fig. 9.1 Checklist for response to neuromonitoring changes. (From Vitale et al. [51], with permission) It is important that surgeons understand that this technology is not a substitute for clinical…
