Safety: Optimum Integration of Technology
Fig. 9.1 Checklist for response to neuromonitoring changes. (From Vitale et al. [51], with permission) It is important that surgeons understand that this technology is not a substitute for clinical…
Factors in a Standard Work Protocol for Adult Deformity Surgery
Author(s) Study design Evidence level N (total) Mean age, years ± SD; years (range) Variable evaluated: serum albumin (g/dL)/Pre-albumin (mg/dL) cut-off value Conclusion Schoenfeld et al. [9] Retrospective III 5887 55.9 ± 14.5 3.5…
Lean Process Improvement to Enhance Safety and Value
!DOCTYPE html> © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020R. K. Sethi et al. (eds.)Value-Based Approaches to Spine Care https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31946-5_5 5. Using Lean Process Improvement to Enhance Safety and Value Michael A. Bohl1 and Gary S. Kaplan2 (1) Department…
Methods for Acute Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment
Fig. 1 Cytotoxic and transvascular oedema. (a) Normal—two astrocytes and a capillary. (b) Cytotoxic oedema: influxing water has caused the cells to swell, impinging on the extracellular space and leading…
Receptor Peptides as Potential Neurovascular Biomarkers of Acute Stroke
Fig. 1 Glutamate neuroreceptor localization and distribution in Central Nervous System. (a) Glutamatergic pathways, (b) hypothetical tracking of glutamatergic neuronal fibers where red-colored fibers represents NMDA receptors, green—AMPA receptors, and…
Biomarkers: Keys to Decision-Making in Stroke
Tissue or fluid X-ray absorption Color Hounsfield units Air None Black −1000 Fat Slight Black −100 to −50 Water/CSF Minimal Black 0 Serum Minimal 13–38 Unclotted blood <WM < GM Dark grey…
of Mitochondrial and Redox Measurements in Ischemic Stroke
Fig. 1 Bioenergetics overview. Glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) together generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP, via substrate-level phosphorylation) and provide electrons to power ATP formation from the electron transport…
Assessments of Risk for TIA and Stroke in Vascular Surgery
Fig. 1 Duplex Doppler image of the carotid bifurcation For most individuals, carotid anatomy permits ultrasound assessment of the carotid bifurcation and the proximal 2 cm of the internal carotid artery….
Biomarker Assay Development
Fig. 1 (a) NR2 antibodies (b, ×400) staining of 5 mm coronal slices from rat with MCAo (1 h of MCAo and 24 h of reperfusion): 1—infarcted area; and 2—contralateral area, NR2 mRNA…
and Intraoperative Markers of Cerebral Ischemia
Fig. 1 Intraluminal placed atherosclerotic plaque during open carotid endarterectomy (a); Carotid endarterectomy with temporary indwelling shunt (arrow) (b) Recently, in addition to open surgery for brachiocephalic artery stenosis, endovascular…
