Neurological Complications of HIV
Figure 62.1. CT with contrast, showing hypodensity in the right cerebral peduncle and periventricular corona radiata with mild mass effect and patchy rim enhancement (A, C), as well as a…
Postoperative Complications After Neurosurgery
Figure 81.1. Condensation in left lung base with pleural spill after cerebral tumor resection (Author’s personal archive). Atelectasis. Central respiratory depression, injury of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord, hypoventilation…
Surgical Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury
Figure 38.1. Plain radiograph showing cervical spine fracture and dislocation of C5-C6 with bilateral locking of facets. Figure 38.2. Dynamic radiograph showing cervical spine in flexion with subluxation of C4-C5….
Arterial Dissection
Figure 46.5. Pathological findings in a 37-year-old patient with carotid artery dissection. The micrograph of the extracranial portion of the right internal carotid artery (panels A, B and C) shows…
Antithrombotic Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention
Chemical formula: C9H8O4 SMILES: CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O Pharmacodynamics ASA is an analgesic, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and anti-inflammatory agent. ASA’s mode of action as an antiinflammatory and antirheumatic agent may be due to inhibition…
The Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension. Algorithm of Treatment and First Level Therapeutic Measures
Maintaining an optimal cerebral environment and correctly treating intracranial hypertension are fundamental in avoiding added injury to our patients and achieving the continual decrease in mortality and poor results. 27.1…
The Consciousness Disorders, Definitions and Clinical Assessment
Figure 65.1. Flow chart of the different conditions that follow a cerebral insult. Classically vegetative state follows a coma; after 1 month the term “persistent vegetative state” is used; after…
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Forgotten Entity in Neurocritical Care
Figure 88.1. Electronic microscopy showing the external membrane of a chronic subdural hematoma. An ample hair light (l) with erythrocytes is visible within its interior (EC), a thin layer of…
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring. Acute Cerebral Injury: the First 48 Hours
Figure 7.1. Intracranial pressure monitoring placement. Modalities include: 1) fluid-coupled monitoring; 2) fiberoptic monitoring which utilizes a reflected laser beam; and 3) piezoelectric crystal transducers which, when compressed, produce a…
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Management Guided by Multi-modal Monitoring
Figure 36.1. The cerebral blood flow (CBF)-pressure curve. This phenomenon is generally seen under normal physiologic conditions across a blood pressure range of 50-150 mmHg; however, longstanding hypertension causes a…
