© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014Vladimir Parpura and Alexei Verkhratsky (eds.)Pathological Potential of Neuroglia10.1007/978-1-4939-0974-2_5 5. Alexander Disease and Astrotherapeutics Michael Brenner1 and Albee Messing2 (1) Department of Neurobiology and the Civitan International Research Center, University of…
Excitotoxic Energetic/free radical Inflammatory Mechanical damage Membrane disruption Increased [Na+]i, [Ca2+]i Disregulation of astrocytic K+ and membrane potential Excessive glutamate release Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamatereceptors activation Ionic disregulation activates ATP-dependent…
Fig. 4.1 Schematic depiction of glial glutamate and lactate transporter functions. a (1) Presynaptic neuronal impulses induce glutamate (Glu) release into the synaptic cleft. Glutamate binds and opens postsynaptic AMPA…
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease Parkinson’s disease Genetic forms of Parkinson’s disease Parkinsonism plus syndromes Progressive supranuclear palsy Multiple system atrophy Cortico-basal ganglionic degeneration Dementia with lewy Bodies Hereditary neurodegenerative Parkinsonism Huntington’s…
Name of test Remarks Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III and IV) Most widely used scale, includes tasks of story recall (Logical memory), recall of word pairs (Verbal paired Associates) and visual…
Fig. 2.1 Surface based morphometry (SBM) and voxel based morphometry (VBM) comparing cohorts of healthy controls and ALS patients. The analyses highlight motor cortex atrophy and additional grey matter changes…
Fig. 12.1 Image of the structure of PrPC showing three alpha helices, a single disulphide bond, up to two carbohydrate moieties and attachment to the cell surface via a glycosylinositolphosphate…
HIV associated asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) 1. Acquired impairment in cognitive functioning, involving at least two ability domains, documented by performance of at least 1 standard deviation below the mean…
Fig. 1.1 Clinical Classification of Neurodegenerative conditions Eponymous classifications (e.g., Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease) remain useful in a clinical setting, as the diagnosis generates a framework for…
Gene (protein) Chromosome Inheritance Role in AD pathogenesis APP (amyloid precursor protein) 21 Autosomal dominant Mutations in the APP gene promote cleavage at b or g sites leading to overproduction…
