Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vesselin Zdravkov Miloushev Angela Lignelli INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique. The images created by MRI often appear similar to gross-anatomic specimens….
Computed Tomography Daniel S. Chow Angela Lignelli INTRODUCTION This chapter provides a framework for understanding the basic principles of x-ray (roentgenogram) production and computed tomography (CT) image formation along with…
Focal Mass Lesions Michelle Wilson Bell Alexander G. Khandji Fabio M. Iwamoto INTRODUCTION The differential diagnosis of an undifferentiated focal brain mass lesion is broad and the clinical presentation quite…
Brain Death Eelco F. M. Wijdicks INTRODUCTION Brain death is the preferred term to summarize an apneic patient with not only irreversible coma from a massive brain injury but loss…
Stupor and Coma Jan Claassen Stephan A. Mayer John C. M. Brust INTRODUCTION “Normal human consciousness consists of a serially, time-ordered, organized, restricted, and reflective awareness of self and the…
Acute Spinal Cord Syndromes Natalie R. Weathered Noam Y. Harel INTRODUCTION Patients presenting with acute spinal cord syndromes represent true neurologic emergencies. Pathologic damage to the cord is usually incomplete….
Acute Stroke: The First Hour Barry M. Czeisler Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Sudden focal neurologic deficits can result from a variety of causes, the most frequent and concerning of which…
Gait Disorders Ashwini K. Rao INTRODUCTION The evolution of locomotion has been very important for humans, as it enabled us to travel greater distances and interact with novel and complex…
Muscle Weakness, Cramps, and Stiffness Comana M. Cioroiu Lewis P. Rowland INTRODUCTION Weakness is one of the most common complaints in all of neurology; hence, both the scope of the…
Involuntary Movements Elan D. Louis INTRODUCTION Abnormal involuntary movements, often called dyskinesias, are uncontrollable movements that are usually evident when a patient is at rest and, with rare exceptions (e.g.,…
